The Pashupatinath Temple, situated on the banks of the sacred Bagmati River in Kathmandu, Nepal, is a highly revered religious site for Hindu pilgrims globally. Alongside the main temple, the complex encompasses several temples and monuments. The name “Pashupatinath” originates from “Pashu,” meaning “animal” or “living thing,” and “Pati,” meaning “Lord” or “Master,” translating to “Lord of Animals” or “Lord of all living things,” underscoring its importance in Hinduism as the sacred abode of Lord Shiva.
Legends regarding the temple’s origin tell of the Lord Shiva image, shaped as a Jyotirlinga, being covered with earth, with soft green grass growing over it. A fascinating part of the legend involves a cow mysteriously offering milk daily to the concealed Linga of Lord Shiva. The owner (Gwala), noticing the cessation of milk, discovered the sacred spot through close observation, unearthing the Jyotirlinga. This discovery led Gwalas to gather and initiate the worship of the Linga, starting a tradition that elevated Pashupatinath into a significant pilgrimage destination. Over the centuries, rulers of Nepal became notable.
Access to the main temple complex is restricted for non-Hindus, but there is much to explore beyond it. Visitors can leisurely stroll around, appreciating the beauty of the area. Despite restricted access to the temple, one can observe rituals from the terraces across Pashupatinath, where the Sandhya Aarti takes place every evening.
Sadhus, holy worshippers of Lord Shiva, wearing orange and yellow robes with dreadlocks and ashes or Keshari on their faces, are a common sight in Pashupatinath. Leading a life dedicated to Sanyasi principles, devoid of luxuries, they often offer blessings to visitors and may perform rituals for alms.
Within the grounds, additional temples, cremation sites (Ghats), resting spaces (Chautara), and marketplaces abound. Structures like the Guhyeshwari Temple, Gorakhnath Temple, 108 Shivlings, Jyotirlingas, Shivalayas, Caves and more contribute to the unique experience of exploring Pashupatinath in Kathmandu. The spiritual ambiance is palpable, creating a serene atmosphere filled with rhythmic chants and rituals, along with the fragrance of incense. Whether a casual observer or a committed pilgrim, the surroundings exude timeless spirituality, inviting contemplation and reflection. Pashupatinath, with its centuries-old tradition and dedication, transforms into a spiritual haven, offering a distinctive opportunity for inner peace and connection with the divine.
Lord Shiva is referred to by 1008 different names, among all those names, Pashupatinath is the most well known.
The primary structure of Pashupatinath is a remarkable example of Hindu architecture, situated on the western bank of the Bagmati River. Characterized by a cubic construction, it features a bunk roof and a golden spire, making it a masterpiece of design.
The main temple has four entrances, all adorned with silver sheets. Its two-storied roof, crafted from copper and covered in gold, is a richly decorated marvel with intricate wooden sculptures. Believed to have wish-fulfilling qualities, the temple is an impressive sight.
A notable adornment of the temple is a large golden statue of Nandi, Shiva’s bull. Only adherents of Hindus are permit to enter the main temple, but other structures within the complex are open for foreigners to explore. The eastern bank of the river provides a panoramic view of the entire magnificence of the main temple.
On the western bank of the Bagmati, there is also the Panch Deval (Five temples) complex, once a revered holy shrine, now repurposed as a shelter for destitute elderly individuals.
In Hindu traditions, when an individual dies, specific rituals perform to ensure their soul attains tranquility. These rites typically occur near sacred rivers, at locations known as Aarya Ghats.
While Aarya Ghats found throughout the country, those in Pashupatinath deem the most sacred. Pashupatinath houses two primary Ghats: the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats. The Western Ghats, considered the most sacred part of the Bagmati River and associated with Lord Shiva, are the site of cremation ceremonies. The Eastern Ghats recognize for various religious rituals and frequent by devotees and priests conducting sacred ceremonies.
Pashupatinath holds significant importance for the elderly as it believes that being present there can absolve their sins, providing them an opportunity for a sacred death. Near the Western Ghats, there is an old age home known as Panch Dewal (Panch Deval), which was once a place of worship but now serves as a refuge for the elderly in need.
Despite the association of the Aarya Ghats in Pashupatinath with death, they are always bustling with life and activity, demonstrating the blend of sorrow and the significance of these ceremonies in Hindu culture.
“Sandhya” typically signifies the evening, and “Arati” is a form of worship that involves hymn singing in adoration of God. As it takes place in the evening, Sandhya Arati is specifically an evening ritual. The Sandhya Arati ceremony at the Pashupatinath Temple, located by the Bagmati River, is a mesmerizing and spiritually enriching event. It occurs every evening from six to seven P.M., where priests offer heartfelt prayers to Lord Shiva, accompanied by the harmonious sounds of traditional instruments. As dusk approaches, the peaceful ambiance of the temple complex morphs into a sanctuary of devotion and reverence.
The Sandhya Arati marks the end of the day’s worship at Pashupatinath, attracting pilgrims and devotees to the river’s banks to experience this moving spectacle. Dressed in traditional garb, the priests perform synchronized rituals involving three large lit oil lamps, incense, and holy offerings. They rhythmically dip the lamps four times at the bottom and circle them seven times at the top, creating a dance-like pattern to the beats of the Bhajan while reciting sacred hymns in honor of the Lord. The ceremony ends with a prayer for the welfare of all beings and expressions of gratitude to God for His benevolence. The rhythmic recitation of Vedic hymns, combined with the melodious beats of traditional instruments, results in a heavenly melody that resonates throughout the temple complex.
The Sandhya Arati is more than just a ceremony; it is a time for spiritual bonding and shared devotion. Participants immerse themselves in prayer and contemplation, surrounded by the soft glow of the lamps, the lingering scent of incense, and the calm flow of the river, creating a magical atmosphere. The Sandhya Arati provides a deep experience that immerses individuals in the spiritual aura of Pashupatinath, cultivating a deep sense of connection with the divine.
The Pashupatinath Viewpoint offers a stunning panorama of the Pashupatinath Temple and its surroundings, presenting a unique perspective on this esteemed religious site. From this elevated spot with ample seating, visitors can take in the expansive temple complex, the undulating Bagmati River, and the verdant landscape enveloping this spiritual hub.
From the viewpoint, one can witness the vibrant activities within the Pashupatinath Temple precincts, such as devotees partaking in rituals, pilgrims circumnavigating the holy edifices, and the rhythmic ebb and flow of daily life against the backdrop of the grand temple architecture. The bird’s-eye view reveals the intricate details of the pagoda-style roofs, the wooden beams that uphold the structures and the elaborate carvings that embellish the temple, offering a visual treat for those keen to appreciate the site’s artistic and cultural legacy.
Beyond the temple, the Pashupatinath Viewpoint affords a serene vista of the Bagmati River, dotted with cremation Ghats. The winding river, flanked by lush vegetation, enhances the tranquil ambiance, inviting visitors to introspect. The viewpoint serves as a sanctuary for those seeking a moment of self-reflection, providing a peaceful haven from which to soak in the spiritual energy that pervades the entire Pashupatinath region.
Mrigasthali Deer Park, located near Aryaghat within the Pashupatinath temple complex, stretches approximately 1.28 kilometers. It has become notable within the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Pashupatinath Temple due to the growing deer population. As a designated habitat for deer, Mrigasthali is home to around 95 deer of three different species: Barking Deer, Black Buck, and Spotted Deer.
This thriving deer community enhances the area’s appeal and ecological diversity, providing visitors with a richer experience. Moreover, Mrigasthali holds significance as a revered site of Lord Shiva, who is central to Hindu beliefs as the creator, preserver, and destroyer of the universe. Given Lord Shiva’s esteemed status, Mrigasthali’s association with him underscores its profound spiritual importance.
Near the Pashupatinath temple, there is a cluster of stalls and vendors selling Puja items such as rice, flowers, Belpatra leaves, vermilion powder, and garlands. These items are essential for Hindu religious ceremonies held within the temple complex. Visitors commonly refer to this area as the religious market. Additionally, handmade Prasad and spiritual souvenirs can be found in the same vicinity.
The market near Pashupatinath not only functions as a commercial hub but also offers significant opportunities for local artisans and traders to sell their handmade religious items to visitors and devotees. These markets contribute to the local economy by providing employment opportunities for residents.
Guhyeshwari Temple is located 1 kilometer east of Pashupatinath Temple, beside the Bagmati River. Despite its simple design, it is not initially popular with visitors. However, stepping inside can be a pleasant surprise. Dedicated to Adi Shakti, representing Parvati (and Sati Devi), the temple symbolizes female strength. Inside, there are intricate flower motifs and statues of the goddess, along with Lord Shiva in his Kapali form.
After Sati Devi’s death, Lord Shiva carried her body for many years, mourning deeply. To ease his grief, Lord Vishnu transformed into a fly and entered Sati Devi’s body to help it decompose. As her body decomposed, 51 pieces fell to various places worldwide, known as Shakti Peeth. Guhyeshwari Temple believes to be where her knees landed, hence the temple’s name.
